Can a School Board Member Child Be Allowed to Continue to Go to Existing School District
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August 24, 2022
There are more than 13,000 K-12 public school districts in the United States. The school boards setting policy for those districts have more than 82,423 members. Due to the number of districts, the involvement of several layers of governments with overlapping jurisdictions, and limited data on small and rural schools, comprehensive information on school districts and the school board members who oversee them has, in the past, proven difficult to find. This article combines original research on public school districts in the country with research from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to provide an objective, comprehensive view of the people who serve on America's local school boards.
This article answers the following questions:
- How many districts are there per state?
- How many school board members does each district have?
- What percentage of school board members are female? Male?
- How are they elected? Who is elected?
The landscape of school districts is constantly in flux as new districts are created and existing districts are merged or eliminated over time. Information is accurate as of the start of the 2022-2023 school year. You can read more about this report's methodology here.
The article begins with a look at the gender composition of school boards, and then moves into a detailed state-by-state breakdown of school board size and organization.
HIGHLIGHTS
Gender composition of school boards
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, women made up approximately 50.1% of the total U.S. population in 2019, while men made up approximately 48.9% of the population.[2] How closely does the representation of women and men on school boards match the gender breakdown of the country as a whole?
Of the 82,423 school board members we researched, we classified 52.15% as male and 43.29% as female. We were unable to determine the gender of about 4.5% of school board members.
The table below shows the gender breakdown of school board members, including members whose gender we were unable to determine.
| Gender breakdown of U.S. public school board members | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Percentage male | Percentage female | Could not determine |
| Alabama | 57.98% | 41.81% | 0.21% |
| Alaska | 38.65% | 58.59% | 2.76% |
| Arizona | 43.42% | 55.77% | 0.81% |
| Arkansas | 63.90% | 34.21% | 1.89% |
| California | 46.12% | 53.49% | 0.39% |
| Colorado | 43.92% | 46.54% | 9.54% |
| Connecticut | 41.31% | 52.84% | 5.85% |
| Delaware | 48.44% | 45.31% | 6.25% |
| District of Columbia | 44.44% | 55.56% | 0.00% |
| Florida | 38.40% | 59.02% | 2.58% |
| Georgia | 58.97% | 38.93% | 2.10% |
| Hawaii | 44.44% | 55.56% | 0.00% |
| Idaho | 50.00% | 41.46% | 8.54% |
| Illinois | 51.38% | 43.46% | 5.16% |
| Indiana | 59.50% | 36.52% | 3.98% |
| Iowa | 51.86% | 40.12% | 8.02% |
| Kansas | 53.45% | 35.12% | 11.43% |
| Kentucky | 49.77% | 43.19% | 7.04% |
| Louisiana | 58.02% | 36.73% | 5.25% |
| Maine | 35.34% | 54.79% | 9.87% |
| Maryland | 43.02% | 56.98% | 0.00% |
| Massachusetts | 43.53% | 49.80% | 6.67% |
| Michigan | 48.34% | 46.65% | 5.01% |
| Minnesota | 50.32% | 44.29% | 5.39% |
| Mississippi | 52.02% | 44.26% | 3.72% |
| Missouri | 60.05% | 33.49% | 6.46% |
| Montana | 51.11% | 40.24% | 8.65% |
| Nebraska | 60.74% | 32.57% | 6.69% |
| Nevada | 49.59% | 47.93% | 2.48% |
| New Hampshire | 44.38% | 50.94% | 4.68% |
| New Jersey | 42.89% | 52.39% | 4.72% |
| New Mexico | 52.43% | 40.49% | 7.09% |
| New York | 48.24% | 49.31% | 2.45% |
| North Carolina | 51.93% | 45.10% | 2.96% |
| North Dakota | 51.26% | 38.99% | 9.75% |
| Ohio | 56.57% | 41.64% | 1.79% |
| Oklahoma | 63.65% | 31.72% | 4.63% |
| Oregon | 49.14% | 48.02% | 2.85% |
| Pennsylvania | 56.75% | 41.56% | 1.68% |
| Rhode Island | 44.83% | 50.74% | 4.43% |
| South Carolina | 54.30% | 44.50% | 1.20% |
| South Dakota | 53.35% | 41.40% | 5.24% |
| Tennessee | 63.57% | 35.46% | 0.97% |
| Texas | 63.34% | 31.89% | 4.77% |
| Utah | 48.07% | 49.36% | 2.58% |
| Vermont | 42.86% | 49.85% | 7.29% |
| Virginia | 44.81% | 51.73% | 3.46% |
| Washington | 46.63% | 48.08% | 5.29% |
| West Virginia | 54.26% | 42.02% | 3.72% |
| Wisconsin | 51.26% | 43.50% | 5.24% |
| Wyoming | 55.19% | 40.06% | 4.75% |
Arkansas has the highest percentage of male school board members—63.90%. Florida has the highest percentage of female school board members—59.02%.
The map below shows the percentage of female school board members out of all members for which we have complete information. It does not include school board members whose gender we were unable to determine.
School board size and organization by state
Every state has at least one school district—and most states have more than 100. Hawaii, an outlier, has only one district. The Hawaii Department of Education oversees all the schools in the state. Aside from Hawaii, the three states with the fewest number of districts are Delaware (19), Nevada (20), and Maryland (24). The three states with the most districts are Texas (1,022), California (977), and Illinois (853).
Hawaii and D.C. both have nine elected school board members. Aside from Hawaii and D.C., the three states with the fewest number of school board members are Nevada (123), Delaware (129), and Maryland (179). The three states with the most school board members are Texas (6,994), Illinois (5,870), and California (4,926).
West Virginia has the fewest school board members per district (3.45), followed by New Mexico (4.23), and Montana (4.26). Connecticut has the most school board members per district (9.97), followed by Louisiana (9.26), and Pennsylvania (8.69).
The table below shows statistics on districts and school board members by state.
| U.S. school districts and school board members by state | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Total number of school districts | Total number of board members | Board members per district | Percentage of at-large school board seats | Percent of school districts without a URL |
| Alaska | 53 | 328 | 6.19 | 44.51% | 0% |
| Alabama | 138 | 962 | 6.97 | 48.54% | 0% |
| Arkansas | 233 | 1754 | 7.53 | 69.44% | 3% |
| Arizona | 261 | 1143 | 4.38 | 99.30% | 0% |
| California | 977 | 4926 | 5.04 | 67.68% | 0.41% |
| Colorado | 178 | 964 | 5.42 | 73.96% | 0% |
| Connecticut | 169 | 1685 | 9.97 | 86.82% | 0% |
| District of Columbia | 1 | 9 | 9.00 | 11.11% | 0% |
| Delaware | 19 | 129 | 6.79 | 68.22% | 0% |
| Florida | 69 | 389 | 5.64 | 4.11% | 1.45% |
| Georgia | 180 | 1051 | 5.84 | 32.35% | 0% |
| Hawaii | 1 | 9 | 9.00 | 0.00% | 0% |
| Iowa | 328 | 1869 | 5.70 | 75.60% | 0% |
| Idaho | 117 | 569 | 4.86 | 5.45% | 0% |
| Illinois | 853 | 5870 | 6.88 | 96.66% | 0.82% |
| Indiana | 291 | 1637 | 5.63 | 64.14% | 0% |
| Kansas | 287 | 2053 | 7.15 | 70.24% | 0% |
| Kentucky | 171 | 1066 | 6.23 | 33.30% | 0% |
| Louisiana | 72 | 667 | 9.26 | 1.65% | 0% |
| Massachusetts | 316 | 2289 | 7.24 | 61.69% | 0% |
| Maryland | 24 | 179 | 7.46 | 37.43% | 0% |
| Maine | 192 | 1416 | 7.38 | 38.77% | 0% |
| Michigan | 539 | 3690 | 6.85 | 99.11% | 0% |
| Minnesota | 331 | 2165 | 6.54 | 95.52% | 0.30% |
| Missouri | 518 | 3453 | 6.67 | 98.55% | 0.19% |
| Mississippi | 137 | 628 | 4.58 | 60.99% | 0% |
| Montana | 302 | 1287 | 4.26 | 90.99% | 20.20% |
| North Carolina | 120 | 777 | 6.48 | 54.05% | 0% |
| North Dakota | 179 | 961 | 5.37 | 84.50% | 1.12% |
| Nebraska | 244 | 1408 | 5.77 | 96.45% | 0% |
| New Hampshire | 162 | 862 | 5.32 | 79.47% | 0% |
| New Jersey | 546 | 4424 | 8.10 | 92.38% | 0% |
| New Mexico | 129 | 546 | 4.23 | 76.01% | 3.88% |
| Nevada | 20 | 123 | 6.15 | 40.65% | 0% |
| New York | 686 | 4710 | 6.87 | 99.70% | 0.15% |
| Ohio | 615 | 3080 | 5.01 | 89.94% | 0% |
| Oklahoma | 512 | 2325 | 4.54 | 0.00% | 0.39% |
| Oregon | 175 | 996 | 5.69 | 13.86% | 0% |
| Pennsylvania | 499 | 4338 | 8.69 | 66.90% | 0% |
| Rhode Island | 34 | 203 | 5.97 | 67.00% | 0% |
| South Carolina | 79 | 588 | 7.44 | 38.27% | 0% |
| South Dakota | 169 | 959 | 5.67 | 92.60% | 0% |
| Tennessee | 141 | 723 | 5.13 | 28.22% | 0% |
| Texas | 1,022 | 6994 | 6.84 | 51.62% | 0.10% |
| Utah | 42 | 233 | 5.55 | 22.32% | 0% |
| Virginia | 132 | 752 | 5.70 | 29.39% | 0% |
| Vermont | 98 | 684 | 6.98 | 44.30% | 4.08% |
| Washington | 306 | 1398 | 4.57 | 29.47% | 0.98% |
| Wisconsin | 423 | 2583 | 6.11 | 85.68% | 0% |
| West Virginia | 55 | 190 | 3.45 | 81.58% | 0% |
| Wyoming | 49 | 337 | 6.88 | 90.50% | 0% |
Methodology
Ballotpedia compiled its list of school districts using the search tool provided by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).[3] Researchers used a mixture of the NCES website, school district websites, online research, and direct phone/email outreach to the school districts in order to locate all available data attributes for each district.
See also
- School Boards and School Board Elections
- Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022
- About race in education/critical race theory
- About sex and gender in schools
- School Boards and School Board Elections
- School board elections, 2021
- School board elections, 2022
- Education statistics in the United States
Footnotes
- ↑ This includes all school board members for which we were able to find a URL for the school board, and therefore a list of current members
- ↑ United States Census Bureau, "American Community Survey," accessed August 16, 2022
- ↑ In this tool, Ballotpedia set a minimum limit of 1 school and searched for any districts in the regular, component, regional, and state types. This list was then manually trimmed to exclude districts that were defunct, private, charters, or lacking their own school board.
| School districts in the United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| By state | Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming |  |
| Elections | 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 | |
| Lists | Largest school districts in the United States by enrollment • List of school districts in the United States • Glossary of education terms • Analysis of spending in America's largest school districts • Education influencers • United States school shootings, 1990-present • School board salaries in America's largest school districts | |
| State agencies | Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming | |
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